Adults

All-purpose, value-packed helmet balances performance and comfort. Value-packed protection Wear it and believe it. The Solstice is proof you don't have to spend a lot of money to get a great fitting, easy-to-use cycling helmet designed to keep you protected during all your bike riding adventures. Product details - Designed for larger vents and increased airflow while maintaining structural integrity - Built-in and removable visor options give you two choices for constant coverage - Intuitive, one-handed Headmaster fit system adjusts height and circumference - LockDown dividers make helmet strap management clean and easy to adjust - Internal, recessed channels move airflow over your head to keep you cool and dry - Soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking, and washable helmet pads - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides free helmet replacement if it is involved in a crash within the first year of ownership Specifications - Size (head circumference): Small/Medium (51-58cm); Medium/Large (55-61cm) - Fit system: Headmaster II - Pad material: Moisture wicking pads - Buckle type: Standard buckle - Includes: Visor plugs - Weight: 290g (Small/Medium)

The Fixture MIPS brings confident mountain bike style and breezy ventilation together in a compact design that complements nearly any ride -- especially when there's dirt under tread. Some of Giro's best features, like In-Mold construction coupled with the ease and comfort of their acclaimed Roc Loc Sport fit system, offer the versatility you need to ride everything from fire-road adventures to swooping singletrack trails. The Roc Loc also is seamlessly integrated with the Multi-Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS), which can redirect energy and provide more protection in certain impacts.

Electra has always brought you the styles and functional designs you love in the world of cruisers. Now, with their Solid Color Helmet, they keep you looking stylish while keeping your dome safe. This understated, savvy lid offers a variety of sweet color choices to meet your style needs. - Durable ABS hardshell and EPS foam liner max comfort and protection - Fit retention system with reflective bubble decal - Solid color to match any bike. Well, at least your favorite bike. - Secure magnetic Fidlock buckle - Heat sealed and washable padding liner for added comfort - Reflective straps - CPSC Adult Certified Size: - Small: 48-54cm - Medium: 55-58cm - Large: 59-61cm

At just 850 grams, the Sanction is our low-profile full-face helmet aimed at dirt shredders and BMX riders who don’t need the more robust Full-9 or Transfer-9. The Sanction has become the choice of adults who want full-face protection but prefer a smaller size and profile. If you’re riding a chairlift, go with a Full-9 or Transfer-9. But if you’re pedaling BMX or dirt jumps, this helmet will serve you well.

Bontrager XXX WaveCel delivers high-performance protection and the best in aerodynamics and comfort. XXX is the WaveCel helmet of choice for the Trek-Segafredo men's and women's teams. WaveCel is a collapsible cellular structure that lines the inside of the helmet. This Bontrager-exclusive technology disrupts the safety standards the industry has accepted for over 30 years. - WaveCel advanced helmet technology - The Boa System lets you easily secure and adjust helmet fit with just one hand - Easy-to-use adjustable strap dividers allow for a fine tune fit - An aerodynamic shape helps you outsmart the wind and ride faster - AgION antimicrobial pads wick away moisture and eliminate odors naturally - Additional NoSweat pad with silicone channel keeps sweat out of eyes for constant clarity - Team Trek-Segafredo sticker kit included with Viper Red, White, and Visibility Yellow colorways - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership Sizing: - Small: 51-57cm - Medium: 54-60cm - Large: 58-63cm

An aerodynamic, high-performance road bike helmet with advanced WaveCel technology. A major advancement in the protection against cycling-related head injuries Bontrager XXX WaveCel LTD delivers high-performance protection and the best in aerodynamics and comfort. XXX is the WaveCel helmet of choice for the Trek-Segafredo men's and women's teams, and this LTD version is available in a run of limited edition colorways. WaveCel is a collapsible cellular structure that lines the inside of the helmet. This Bontrager-exclusive technology disrupts the safety standards the industry has accepted for over 30 years. Product details - WaveCel advanced helmet technology - BOA® Fit System lets you easily secure and adjust helmet fit with just one hand - Easy-to-use adjustable strap dividers allow for a fine tune fit - An aerodynamic shape helps you outsmart the wind and ride faster - Additional NoSweat pad with silicone channel keeps sweat out of eyes for constant clarity - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership

The Proframe helmet is the lightest and most breathable full face helmet Fox has ever created. Designed to perform at the highest levels for the aggressive all mountain rider and enduro racer, it packs DH certified protection into a superlight shell via Fox's patent-pending, fully-integrated Chinbar. With 24 Big Bore vents, the Proframe offers open face level airflow and breathability to keep you cool on even the longest and most challenging climbs; and once you reach the top, it gives you the confidence to ride to your limits on even the toughest of descents. Features: - Ultra-lightweight enduro and all mountain helmet - Patent pending integrated chinbar - Highly breathable, moisture wicking and anti-microbial liner - 24 Big Bore vents for unrivaled breathability - Fixed visor is positioned perfectly for maximum air flow - Fidlock SNAP helmet buckle provides quick entry and exit - MIPS™ impact protection system reduces rotational forces in a crash - Dual density Varizorb EPS liner provides improved protection - Our lightest DH certified helmet: 750g. (size medium) Certifications: - ASTM F1952 (including chin bar rigidity test) - EN 1078 - AS/NZ 2063 - CPSC

The Vanquish MIPS is the pinnacle of high-performance road cycling helmets, featuring the innovative TransformAir design that actively streamlines airflow to reduce drag. Inside the Vanquish is an EPS liner with progressive layering, and Giro's renowned RocLoc Air system seamlessly integrated with MIPS technology to enhance comfort and cooling power while providing an additional measure of protection. So whether you're hammering off the front, smashing an Ironman course, or laying down maximum wattage in the dash to the finish line, the Vanquish shapes the wind to work for you.

The Switchblade MIPS is an ASTM downhill certified full-face helmet with a removable chinbar so you can easily switch to rowdy when it's time to descend. Everything about the Switchblade is optimized for the descent. That's why in addition to mandatory standards, it's also certified to ASTM-1952 DH with and without the chinbar. The chinbar is easy to remove - just push the buttons under the chinbar, rotate up, and take off—and it's just as easy to reinstall. Another boast-worthy feature on the Switchblade MIPS is the Roc Loc Air DH fit system, which has a bumper around the dial to prevent accidental adjustments if your helmet contacts your backpack or neck brace—all while keeping you cool. When the chinbar comes off, Wind Tunnel cheek pad ventilation adds even more cooling power as you start to climb. Plus, the full-cut style gives this helmet an aggressive look and provides ASTM certified coverage even when the chinbar is removed. When your ride is all about descending, your helmet should be too, and the Switchblade MIPS is the only removable chinbar helmet that is truly built for the down.

The sleek shape gets plenty of attention but the real story with Drifter is its incredible versatility. With a trim, compact profile, massive ventilation and superb Float Fit system, you can wear it day in and day out on your regular ride. The removable visor and integrated MIPS energy management make Drifter also perfectly suitable for an all-day epic ride on the weekend. Specs - MIPS-equipped: MIPS stands for Multi-directional Impact Protection System, which is a leading slip-plane technology inside the helmet designed to reduce rotational forces that can result from certain impacts. - Construction: Fusion in-mold polycarbonate shell - a process pioneered by Bell bonds the helmet's outer shell to the EPS foam liner to create a sturdier helmet. - Number of vents: 19 - Removable visor - Interior/liner type: Sweat guide pad design pulls moisture away from the brow pad and away from eyewear - Fit system: Float Fit - a minimalist, lightweight fit system with an easy-to-turn rubber overmolded dial for adjustments (integrated with MIPS) - Weight 302 grams (size M) - Small = 52 – 56cm - Medium = 55 – 59cm - Large = 58 – 62cm

Among the Manifest's extraordinary features is Spherical Technology, which utilizes a ball-and-socket design powered by MIPS, the market-leading brain protection system that helps to reduce rotational forces. Spherical Technology allows the outer liner to rotate around the inner liner during a crash and also eliminates contact with a hard-plastic slip-plane. In addition to leading head protection, the Manifest offers wide-open airflow thanks to the AURA reinforcing arch, which bolsters structural integrity while allowing air to flow into the massive Wind Tunnel vents. You'll also get a comfortable, secure fit with the easy fit and positioning adjustments built in to the Roc Loc Trail Air fit system and plush, antimicrobial XT2 padding for exceptional sweat absorption. - Spherical Technology's Ball-and-Socket design, powered by MIPS, helps redirect impact forces away from the brain by allowing the outer liner to rotate around the inner liner during a crash. It also eliminates contact with hard plastic or slip-planes against the skin. - Dual-density foam liners designed to address high- and low-speed impacts for more comprehensive energy management. - Structural integrity is bolstered by the shatter-resistant and translucent AURA reinforcing arch that runs throughout the helmet. - Integrated eyewear grippers help secure sunglasses. - All Giro helmets are designed to reduce as much energy as possible while meeting and exceeding stringent safety standards. The goal of Giro's MIPS-equipped helmets is to reduce rotational forces. Giro believes that helmets equipped with this technology can reduce the amount of rotational force that may be transferred to rider's brain in certain impacts. - This visor features an adjustment mechanism that lets you move the visor up and down in indexed steps. These steps include three riding positions plus a high position for goggle storage above your brow. The design allows you to easily adjust your visor with one hand while riding. - Pure silver is the secret ingredient that gives XT2 the power to provide natural, permanent anti-odor protection to keep your helmet feeling and smelling fresh. - The integrated rubber goggle gripper on the back of the helmet helps to ensure that goggles stay in place even when you're getting rowdy on the trail. - The Roc Loc Trail Air Fit System offers micro-adjustable fit adjustment, enhanced ventilation, and durable design that resists abrasion, scratches, and UV rays.

The Crossley MIPS offers a spacious fit, with deep coverage and open ventilation in a design that is suitable for nearly any ride. It’s built using In-Mold construction to reduce weight while enhancing durability to stand up to everyday use. The ease and comfort of Giro's acclaimed Roc Loc Sport MIPS fit system makes fitting as easy as turning a dial, and the fit system is seamlessly integrated with the Multi-Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS), which can redirect energy and provide more protection in certain impacts. When you put it all together, you get the versatility you need to ride everything from forested fire-roads to swooping singletrack trails to the city streets. - Universal X-Large

As bikes become more capable and trail riding gets faster the M2 slots into the current generation of open face protection. Conehead technology utilises dual-density foam to dissipate impacts more effectively giving you a safer ride. The Boa Fit System delivers a connected, fast, customized and durable fit, purpose-built for performance. - 19 vents provide cool air intake and heat exhaust - Conehead technology - Full rear head coverage - Custom 7iDP liner for superior fit and comfort - BOA one hand dial fit adjustment - Rapid adjust chin strap - Tested beyond CE, CPSC, AS standards The M2's foam liner is made of two density layers. The outer layer, which is the black part, is made of high-density foam and has cones facing inwards. The inner layer, the grey part which is close to the head, is made of softer low-density foam and has cones facing outwards.

The Serfas Kilowatt is E-Bike certified and features adjustable venting which be can be opened or closed depending on how much air flow you want, also a built-in rear LED safety light for added visibility with additional reflective design accents, and an easy-to-adjust fit system. - Tested and Certified to NTA 8776 E-Bike Helmet Standards - Adjustable Top Vents (Slide Open/Close) - Built-In Rear Light - Rear-Facing Reflective Accents - Adjustable Straps - Easy-To-Adjust Fit System (Rear Knob) - Weight: 484 Grams - Vent Count: 8 - Sizes: S/M (54-58cm), L/XL (58-61cm)

The Chiru MIPS lets you push your limits mountain biking without sacrifice. A low friction MIPS layer and deep coverage at the sides and rear of the helmet helps protect your head against unexpected knocks. The Chiru MIPS pairs extended coverage with a MIPS layer to give you excellent protection. Chiru MIPS has been awarded the Virginia Tech 5-Star "Best Available" protection rating. Stay comfortable on all-day epics: the Turnfit+ System retention system will keep your helmet secure while eliminating pressure points. A color-matched integrated visor will help prevent squinting, so you can keep shredding on the sunny days. Fifteen well-placed air vents promote airflow even on slow, technical climbs. The optional rechargeable rear TS+ LED light will come in handy when you ride until dark and still need to pedal home from the trails. Sizing: - Small = 52 – 56cm - Medium = 55 – 59cm - Large = 58 – 61cm

OFF ROAD STYLE The new MTB helmet from Lazer! Top-end performance at a great price. The color-matched and fully integrated visor looks great and keeps sun out of the eyes and off the face. 15 vents keep the interior cool on those long single track climbs. The TS+ retention system with Adjustable Head Basket allows for a secure and easy-to-adjust helmet and delivers a perfect fit for every ride. The integrated low-friction MIPS layer adds additional protection against rotational impacts. - Increased protection - Visor - Turnfit Plus system - MIPS layer - Fit System: Turnfit Plus system - Construction: In-Mold - Ventilation: 15 vents - Weight: 305g (S) - Certification: CE-CPSC-AS

As one of the most sophisticated urban helmets in the line, the Evoke MIPS has a sleek In-Mold shell to help keep it lightweight, and the adjustable eye shield seals out wind and weather whenever conditions demand it. A Roc Loc City MIPS fit system makes fit and stability adjustments almost effortless and integrates seamlessly with MIPS technology, which helps to reduce rotational forces and provide more protection in certain impacts. Thoughtful details include reflective accents and a lock port for securing the helmet with your bike when you're on the move. And with the removable "be seen" LED rear lighting included, you get flexibility to fit your needs and your budget.

All-purpose, value-packed helmet balances performance and comfort with the added protection of MIPS. All-purpose protection for every rider The Solstice MIPS helmet is proof you don't have to spend a lot of money to get a great fitting, great looking, and easy-to-use bike helmet. Featuring MIPS, Multi-directional Impact Protection System, it includes a sleek built-in brim with plug ports for a clean look when the additional visor is removed. MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System) was developed by brain surgeons and scientist to help reduce rotational forces on the brain caused by angled impacts to the head. Product details - MIPS Brain Protection System - Fidlock magnetic buckle fastens effortlessly for a quick, secure fit - Intuitive, one-handed Headmaster fit system adjusts height and circumference - Built-in and removable visor options give you two choices for constant coverage - LockDown dividers make helmet strap management clean and easy to adjust - Internal, recessed channels move airflow over your head to keep you cool and dry - Soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking and washable helmet pads for added comfort - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership Specifications - Size (head circumference): Small/Medium (51-58cm); Medium/Large (55-61cm) - Fit system: Headmaster II - Pad material: Moisture wicking pads - Buckle type: Fidlock buckle - Includes: Visor plugs - Weight: 335g (Small/Medium)

For trail or town Built for riders who live active lifestyles and want to stay protected, the Quantum cycling helmet looks just as good as it fits. Featuring MIPS, Multi-directional Impact Protection System, superior ventilation, and excellent coverage. Get it all and even more with a removable visor allowing Quantum to be your go-to helmet no matter what type of riding. MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System) was developed by brain surgeons and scientist to help reduce rotational forces on the brain caused by angled impacts to the head. Key features - MIPS Brain Protection System - The Boa System lets riders easily secure and adjust helmet fit with one hand - In-mold composite skeleton increases helmet integrity for larger vent variations - Soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking, and washable helmet pads - Internal, recessed channels move airflow over your head to stay cool and dry - Removable snap-on visor and port covers provide multiple looks to fit your style - LockDown dividers make helmet strap management clean and are easy to adjust - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership

We love what's inside of that head of yours. Keep it safe with an Electra Commute MIPS Helmet. The perfect balance of form and function, these stylish and sleek helmets are our most advanced yet. MIPS (Multi-directional Impact Protection System) was developed by brain surgeons and scientists to help reduce rotational forces on the brain caused by angled impacts to the head. Electra helmets: Making messy hair business professional. - MIPS Brain Protection System - Fit retention system ensures easy adjustment and secure fit - Magnetic Fidlock slide buckle - In mold EPS with PC shell for maximum comfort and protection - Certified to NTA 8776 standard and is ideal for e-bike riders - Fit System: HB-80 - Pad Material: Moisture-wicking pads - Buckle Type: Fidlock buckle - Includes: Fabric visor

There's no reason to skimp on comfort and protection while trying to maintain a budget. The Formula benefits from the same technologies that make Bell's road helmets such champions of comfort and safety. This model features the MIPS impact management as well as Bell's Float Fit retention system and innovative Sweat Guide liner. Elegant shape, fluid aerodynamics and ample ventilation ensure the Formula's place as a classy all-rounder. Specs - MIPS-equipped: MIPS stands for Multi-Directional Impact Protection System, which is a leading slip-plane technology inside the helmet designed to reduce rotational forces that can result from certain impacts. - Construction: Fusion in-mold polycarbonate shell - a process pioneered by Bell bonds the helmet's outer shell to the EPS foam liner to create a sturdier helmet. - Number of vents: 19 - Interior/liner type: Sweat guide pad design pulls moisture away from the brow pad and away from eyewear - Fit system: Float fit - a minimalist, lightweight fit system with an easy-to-turn rubber overmolded dial for adjustments (integrated with MIPS) - Product weight: 285 grams (size M) - Small = 52 – 56cm - Medium = 55 – 59cm - Large/X-Large = 58 – 62cm

Built with the same core design principles as the pro-level Zephyr, Bell's Stratus MIPS road cycling helmet combines lightweight aero efficiency with cutting-edge comfort technologies. The shape was refined for all-around road performance—ventilated for long climbs but still fast for the flats—and the all-new Float Fit system offers comfort and security with a streamlined fit and an oversized dial that’s easy to adjust with one hand. The Overbrow Ventilation system pulls cool air in through the front and pushes it through an air-channel matrix to reduce overheating. And thanks to the adjustable No-Twist Tri-Glides, the straps stay flat and properly positioned no matter how hard you’re hammering. This model also includes MIPS (Multi-Directional Impact Protection System) for added protection in certain types of impacts. - Float Fit - Fusion In-Mold Polycarbonate Shell - Lightweight Internal Polycarbonate Roll Cage - Lightweight Straps - MIPS-Equipped - No-Twist Tri-Glides - Overbrow Ventilation - Reflective Decals (select colors)

The Cormick MIPS offers a comfortable fit with deep coverage and open ventilation in a design that is suitable for nearly any ride. It’s built using In-Mold construction to reduce weight while enhancing durability to stand up to everyday use. The ease and comfort of Giro's acclaimed Roc Loc Sport MIPS fit system makes fitting as easy as turning a dial, and the fit system is seamlessly integrated with the Multi-Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS), which can redirect energy and provide more protection in certain impacts. When you put it all together, you get the versatility you need to ride everything from forested fire-roads to swooping singletrack trails to the city streets.

If you're going to wear a helmet on your Electra, wear an Electra on your helmet. - Durable ABS hardshell for protection and EPS foam liner for security - Detachable visor for when you want sun protection, velcro for when you don't - Fit retention system provides secure and snug fit - Easy to use magnetic Fidlock buckle - Size SMALL fits circumference 48cm - 54cm and hat sizes 6 1/2 - 6 3/4 - Size MEDIUM fits circumference 55cm - 58cm and hat sizes 6 7/8 - 7 1/4 - Size LARGE fits circumference 59cm - 61cm and hat sizes 7 3/8 - 7 5/8 - Small size generally fits children while medium and large sizes fit adults

Giro created the Bronte MIPS for riders in search of the renowned Giro fit and in need of an extra-large size. Inspired by the sleek style and cooling ventilation of the Register helmet, the Bronte MIPS is at home on pavement or the trail. In-Mold construction is used to make it light without compromising durability, and the acclaimed, adjustable Roc Loc Sport MIPS system makes it easy to custom-tune the fit for comfort and stability. An integrated Multi-Directional Impact Protection System, which can redirect energy and provide more protection in certain impacts, ensures that you get the latest in head protection technology.

An off-road helmet with WaveCel technology that balances comfort and performance for trail riders who value safety. A major advancement in the protection against cycling-related head injuries Rally WaveCel is a high-style, high-value off-road helmet with trail-specific features and WaveCel, a leading technology in the protection against cycling-related head injuries. WaveCel is a collapsible cellular structure that lines the inside of the helmet. This Bontrager-exclusive technology disrupts the safety standards the industry has accepted for over 30 years. Product details - WaveCel advanced helmet technology - Virginia Tech 5 STAR rating - BOA Fit System lets you easily secure and adjust your helmet fit with one hand - Adjustable visor offers multiple coverage options - Extended back-of-helmet shell offers additional rear protection - LockDown dividers make helmet strap management clean and easy to adjust - Soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking, and washable helmet pads - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership Specifications - Size (head circumference): Small (51-57cm) / Medium (54-60cm) / Large (58-63cm) - Fit system: Boa - Pad material: Moisture-wicking pads - Buckle type: Standard buckle - Includes: Crash Replacement Guarantee - Weight: 360g (Small) / 400g (Medium) / 430g (Large)

A trail-tested mountain bike helmet with advanced WaveCel technology for comfort and protection on any trail, any time. A major advancement in the protection against cycling-related head injuries When you're riding serious trails, you need serious protection. Blaze WaveCel offers Bontrager's best in performance and protection on any trail, from flowy singletrack to gnarly downhills. It’s built for style, comfort, and performance, and equipped with WaveCel for whatever trails you roam. WaveCel is a collapsible cellular structure that lines the inside of the helmet. This Bontrager-exclusive technology disrupts the safety standards the industry has accepted for over 30 years. Product details - WaveCel advanced helmet technology - BOA® Fit System lets you easily secure and adjust helmet fit with just one hand - Fidlock magnetic buckle fastens effortlessly for a quick, secure fit - Front Blendr mount system easily integrates GoPro camera and Bontrager light accessories - Additional NoSweat pad with silicone channel keeps sweat out of eyes for constant clarity - Drop-in coverage on back of helmet offers extended protection - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership

Take your protection to the next level. Bontrager Specter WaveCel offers the best in versatility and comfort for everyday rides on roads, trails, gravel, and more. From dirt to pavement, fast or slow, this new wave of protection delivers the confidence you need anywhere you ride or race. WaveCel is a collapsible cellular structure that lines the inside of the helmet. This Bontrager-exclusive technology disrupts the safety standards the industry has accepted for over 30 years. - WaveCel advanced helmet technology - The Boa System lets you easily secure and adjust helmet fit with just one hand - Fidlock magnetic buckle fastens effortlessly for a quick, secure fit - Highly ventilated design offers more airflow to keep you cool - Soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking, and washable helmet pads - Reflective elements on back of helmet offer enhanced visibility to be seen - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership Sizing: - Small: 51-57cm - Medium: 54-60cm - Large: 58-63cm

Bontrager Charge WaveCel Commuter is a fashion-forward helmet that earns top marks in style and safety. It’s perfect for commutes, e-bike rides, and everyday adventures, and it's built with the most advanced helmet safety tech available so you don’t have to choose between fashion and function. WaveCel is a collapsible cellular structure that lines the inside of the helmet. This Bontrager-exclusive technology disrupts the safety standards the industry has accepted for over 30 years. - WaveCel advanced helmet technology - The Boa System lets you easily secure and adjust helmet fit with just one hand - Fidlock magnetic buckle fastens effortlessly for a quick, secure fit - Rear Blendr mount system easily integrates Bontrager light accessories - Soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking, and washable helmet pads - Built-in visor provides constant coverage against sun and rain - Reflective elements on back of helmet offer enhanced visibility to be seen - Crash Replacement Guarantee provides a free helmet replacement if involved in a crash within the first year of ownership Sizing: - Small: 51-57cm - Medium: 54-60cm - Large: 58-63cm

The Register MIPS helmet combines sleek design and lightweight construction to match your style, on the road or trail. Made in a comfortable Universal Fit size with Giro's convenient Roc Loc Sport fit system, the Register MIPS adjusts with a simple turn of the dial so you can tune the fit in seconds. A range of colors lets you choose exactly how your on-bike style comes together. Register MIPS models also have an integrated Multi-Directional Impact Protection System, which can redirect energy and provide more protection in certain impacts.